Non-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and disease burden globally, cardiovascular DISEASES (CVDs) account for the major part of death related to NCDs followed by different types of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes. As the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations have announced a 25% reduction in mortality of NCDs by 2025, different communities need to adopt preventive strategies for achieving this goal. Personalized medicine approach as a predictive and preventive strategy aims for a better therapeutic goal to the patients to maximize benefits and reduce harms. The clinical benefits of this approach are already realized in cancer targeted therapy, and its impact on other conditions needs more studies in different societies. In this review, we essentially describe the concept of personalized (or precision) medicine in association with NCDs and the future of precision medicine in prediction, prevention, and personalized treatment.

Background: Although notable advances in disease prevention have been accomplished, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES are still important at the international scale. Many epidemiologic studies have been conducted about the epidemiology of COMMUNICABLE DISEASES in Iran, but less attention has been paid to generating an atlas of all disease. Some experts believe that mapping DISEASES such as malaria is the first step toward establishing early warning systems and managing disease control. In this manuscript, we tried to gather information about the COMMUNICABLE DISEASES of Iran in a geo-database, and draw maps with high accuracy.Methods: Initially reportable cases of DISEASES were gathered from the Iranian COMMUNICABLE disease control center. Then, these data were arranged in a geo-referenced database in the Arc-GIS software and then the related maps were generated.Results: Twenty five maps of COMMUNICABLE DISEASES were created in 2008. Some DISEASES like malaria had considerable foci and some other disease according to their condition did not have a considerable dispersion.Conclusion: Although the history of preparing an atlas of DISEASES goes back to the 19th century, papers about mapping DISEASES in Iran are restricted to single DISEASES or these atlases are not easily accessible. The present article is unique in this regard in Iran.

Non-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES as a leading cause of death have a surveillance system in most countries. This is disturbed by the emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019. In this regard, health system managers at decision-making levels tried to overcome this problem. Therefore, strategies to deal with this issue and bring the surveillance system to an ideal state were proposed and considered.

Background: Non-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES cause more than 60% of disease burden and 70% death by 2020. NCD risk factors surveillance system is a global strategy to combat with this problem in the world. It has been established since 2004 in Iran.Methods: The first national surveillance risk factors of Non-COMMUNICABLE disease (SURFNCD) run as a cross sectional study on 89000 populations by applying who stepwise approach in January and February 2005. Result: The prevalence of common risk factors were 14.2 current smokers, 32.5% did exercise at least 10 minutes in their free time in ages 15-64 yr, 7.7 diabetics and 25.2 hypertensive in ages 25-64 yr. Obesity, overweight and hypercholesterolemia were 14.8, 28.6 and 15.1, respectively in ages 15-64 yr.Conclusion: Implementation of this system is one of the main concerns of Iranian prototype surveillance system and international concerned bodies such as World Health Organization. Multi-pronged policy and programmatic interventions promoting for maximum effectiveness are needed to conduct.